Programming in C E-Notes 2024

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Syllabus:-

Unit - 1:

Overview of C: History – Importance – Sample Programs – Basic Structure – Programming Style – Executing – Unix System – MS-DOS System.

Constants, Variables, and Data Types: Character Set – C Token – Keyword and Identifiers – Constants – Variables – Data Types – Declaration of Storage Class – Assigning Values to Variables – Defining Symbolic Constants – Declaration – Overflow and Underflow of Data.

Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment and Decrement, Conditional, Bitwise, Special Operators – Arithmetic Expressions, Evaluation of Expressions Precedence of Arithmetic Operators – Some Computational Problems – Type Conversions in Expressions – Operator Precedence and Associativity – Mathematical Functions.

Unit - 2:

Managing Input and Output Operations: Reading, Writing a Character – Formatted Input, Output.

Decision Making and Branching: Decision Making with If statement – Simple If Statement – The If…Else Statement – Nesting of If…Else Statements – The Else If Ladder – The Switch Statement The ?: Operator – The Goto Statement.

Decision Making and Looping: The while Statement – The do Statement – The for Statement – Jumps in Loops – Concise Test Expressions. 

Unit - 3:

Arrays: One-Dimensional Arrays - Declaration, Initialization of One-Dimensional Arrays – Two-Dimensional Arrays - Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays – Multi-Dimensional Arrays – Dynamic Arrays.

Character Arrays and Strings: Declaring and Initializing String Variables – Reading Strings from Terminal – Writing Strings to Screen – Arithmetic Operations on Characters – Putting String Together – Comparison of Two Strings –String-Handling Functions – Table of Strings – Other Features of Strings.

User-Defined Functions: Need for User-Defined Functions – A Multi-Function Program – Elements of User-Defined Functions – Definition of Functions – Return Values and Their Types – Function Calls – Function Declaration – Category of Functions – No Arguments and No Return Values – Arguments but no return values – Arguments with Return Values – No Arguments but Returns a value – Functions that Return Multiple Values – Nesting of Functions – Recursion – Passing Arrays, Strings to Functions – The Scope, Visibility and Lifetime of Variables – Multi-file Programs.

Unit - 4:

Structure and Unions: Defining a Structure – Declaring Structure Variables – Accessing Structure Members – Structure Initialization and Copying and Comparing Structure Variable – Operations on Individual Members – Arrays of Structures – Arrays within Structures – Structures within Structures – Structures and Functions – Unions – Size of Structures.

Bit Fields Pointers: Understanding Pointers – Accessing the Address of Variable – Declaring, Initialization of Pointer Variables – Accessing a Variable through its pointer – Chain of Pointers – Pointer Expression – Pointer Increments and Scale Factor – Pointers and Arrays – Pointers and Character Strings – Array of Pointers – Pointers as Function Arguments – Functions Returning Pointers – Pointers to Functions – Pointers and Structures.

Troubles with Pointers File Management in C: Defining and Opening a File – Closing a File – Input/Output Operations on File – Error Handling During I/O Operations – Random Access to Files – Command Line Arguments.

Unit - 5:

Fundamental Algorithms: Exchanging the values of Two Variables - Counting- Summation of a Set of Numbers - Factorial Computation -Sine Function Computation – Generation of the Fibonacci Sequence - Reversing the Digits of an Integer - Base Conversion – Character to Number Conversion.

Factoring Methods: Finding the square Root of a Number – The Smallest Divisor of an Integer - The Greatest Common Divisor of the two integers - Generating Prime Numbers - Computing the Prime Factors of an integer – Generation of Pseudo-random Numbers - Raising a Number to a Large Power Computing the nth Fibonacci Number.

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