Database Management System E-Notes 2024

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Syllabus:-

Unit - 1

Database Concepts: Database Systems - Data vs Information - Introducing the database -File system - Problems with file system – Database systems. Data models - Importance - Basic Building Blocks - Business rules - Evolution of Data models - Degrees of Data Abstraction.

Unit - 2

Design Concepts: Relational database model - logical view of data-keys -Integrity rules - relational set operators - data dictionary and the system catalog - relationships -data redundancy revisited -indexes - codd's rules. Entity relationship model - ER diagram.

Unit - 3

Normalization of Database Tables: Database tables and Normalization – The Need for Normalization –The Normalization Process – Higher level Normal Form.

Introduction to SQL: Data Definition Commands – Data Manipulation Commands – SELECT Queries – Additional Data Definition Commands – Additional SELECT Query Keywords – Joining Database Tables.

Unit - 4

Advanced SQL: Relational SET Operators: UNION – UNION ALL – INTERSECT - MINUS.SQL Join Operators: Cross Join – Natural Join – Join USING Clause – JOIN ON Clause – Outer Join.

Sub Queries and Correlated Queries: WHERE – IN – HAVING – ANY and ALL – FROM. SQL Functions: Date and Time Function – Numeric Function – String Function – Conversion Function.

Unit - 5

PL/SQL: A Programming Language: History – Fundamentals – Block Structure – Comments – Data Types – Other Data Types – Variable Declaration – Assignment operation – Arithmetic operators.

Control Structures and Embedded SQL: Control Structures – Nested Blocks – SQL in PL/SQL – Data Manipulation – Transaction Control statements.

PL/SQL Cursors and Exceptions: Cursors – Implicit Cursors, Explicit Cursors and Attributes – Cursor FOR loops – SELECT…FOR UPDATE – WHERE CURRENT OF clause – Cursor with Parameters – Cursor Variables – Exceptions – Types of Exceptions.

Note: Use these E-Notes for your Semester Exam only.

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